Dorothy Whitelock read English at Newnham College, where a tripos paper in Anglo-Saxon history set her on the course which would propel her throughout her academic life. After a period at Oxford, Whitelock returned to Cambridge to become a Professorial Fellow at Newnham and the first and only woman to hold the Elrington and Bosworth Chair of Anglo-Saxon. She was the editor of the first volume of English Historical Documents, a compendium of the most important primary sources for early medieval England.